Zoology Chapter 18
Terms
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- Skull surrounds brain, olfactory organs, eyes, inner ear; unique embryonic tissue, neutral crest, sensory nerve cells * skeletal & connective tissue structures
- Craniata
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Skull = cartilaginous bars, jawless, no paired appendages, mouth w/ 4 pair tentacles, olfactory sacs open to mouth, pharyngeal slits, ventrolateral slime glands
Hagfishes -
Subphylum Hyperotreti
Class Myxini - Vertebrae surround nerve cord & act as axial support
- Subphylum Vertebrata
- Large, sucking mouth, cartilage reinforced, gill arches,
- Hyperoartia
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Sucking mouth w/ teeth & rasping tongue, 7 pharyngeal slit pairs, blind olfactory sacs, nests for eggs, ammocoete larva
Lampreys - Class Cephalaspidomorphi
- Most closely related to amphibians/ origin of terrestrial vertebrates
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Osteolepiform sarcopterygians (lungfishes)
*Paraphyletic - Hinged jaws, paired appendages, vetebral column replaced notochord, 3 semicircular canals
- Gnathostomata
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Tail fin w/ upper love, cartilage, no operculum, no swim bladder, no lungs
Sharks, rays, ratfishes - Class Chondrichthyes
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Placoid scales (project posteriorly to reduce friction)
Sharks, skates, rays - Subclass Elasmobranchii
- Ram ventilation, excrete urea, tissues hypersomatic to water, release sodium chloride in blood out of cloaca, claspers for reproduction
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Elasmobranchii
Sharks, skates, rays -
Operculum covers pharygneal slits, no scales, crushing plates, lateral-line in open groove
Ratfishes - Subclass Holocephali
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Most bony skeleton, operculum cover single gill, pneumatic sacs as lungs/ swim bladders
bony fishes - Class Osteichtyhes
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Lobe-finned fishes, pneumatic sacs act as lungs
Has lungfishes, coelacanths, osteolepiforms - Subclass Sarcopterygii
- Ray-finned fishes, blind olfactory sacs
- Subclass Actinopterygii
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Excretory structures in kidney
Filter nitrogenous wastes in blood, ions, water, or glomerulus - Nephrons
- Short tubule system, large glomeruli, only drink water when feeding, very dilute urine
- Freshwater fish
- Drink water, small glomeruli, long tubule system, concentrated urine
- Marine/ saltwater fish
- Outgrowth of digestive tract along dorsal body wall of bony fish
- Swim bladder