Bio2401-3A
Terms
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- All living things are composed of cells, the cell is the basic unit of life.
- The Cell Theory
- Three Basic parts of Human Cells
-
Plasma Membrane
Cytoplasm
Nucleus - flexible outer boundary
- Plasma Membrane
- Contents of the cell minus the Nucleus
- Cytoplasm
- Control Center
- Nucleus
- all cells have the same basic parts and some common functions
-
Generalized Cells/
Composite Cells - He first described cells in 1665
- Robert Hooke
- He reported all living things are composed of cells.
- Matthias Schleiden
- Zoology
- Theodor Schwann
- He proclaimed that cells come from pre-existing cell by cell division
- Rudolf Virchow
- The plasma membrane seperates two of the body's major fluid compartments known as...
-
Intracellular Fluid
Extracellular Fluid - Fluid within the cells
- Intracellular Fluid
- Fluid outside the cells
- Extracellular Fluid
- Lipids with polar sugar groups on outer membrane surface
- glycolipids
- increases membrane stability and fluidity
- Cholesterol
- firmly inserted into the lipid bilayer
- integral proteins
- loosely attached to the integral proteins
- peripheral proteins
-
Function:
transports proteins, enzymes, or receptors - Integral Proteins
-
Function:
Provide support on intracellular surface and form part of glycocalyx - Peripheral Proteins
-
Function of Membrane Protein:
channels or carriers - Transport
-
Function of Membrane Protein:
Receives signals from hormones - Receptor Proteins
-
Function of Membrane Proteins:
attach to cytoskeleton (inside cell) and extracellular matrix (outside cell) - Attachement Proteins
-
Function of Membrane Proteins:
act as a team that catalyzes sequential steps - Enzymatic Proteins
-
Function of Membrane Proteins:
provide temporary binding sites that guide cell migration - Intercellular Proteins
-
Function of Membrane Protein:
serve as identification tags that are specifically recognized by other cells - Cell to Cell Recognition Proteins
- Prevent fluids and most molecules from moving between cells.
- Tight Junctions
- "spot welds" that anchor cells together
- Desosomes
- gaps in adjacent cell membranes that allow passage of materials between cells
- Gap Junctions
- allows some substances to pass while excluding others
- selectively (differentially) permeable
- no cellular energy required
- passive Process
- energy required
- active process
- nonpolar and lipid soluble substances diffuse directly through the lipid bilayer.
- Simple Diffusion
- moves through water filled protein channels
- channel mediated diffusion
- binds to protein carriers in the membrane and is ferried across
- carrier mediated diffusion
- movement of solvent across a selectively permeable membrane
- osmosis
- channels that are always open
- leakage channels
- channels that are controlled by chemical or electrical channels
- gated channels
- the total concentration of all solute particles in a solution
- osmolarity
- ability in a solution to cause a cell to shrink or swell
- tonicity
- same dissolved solute as cell
- isotonic
- greater solute than cell (shrink)
- hypertonic
- less solute than cell (swell)
- hypotonic